Aires

‘Aires’ (the French word for areas or places) are incredibly varied in what they provide but all will offer at least a place to stop and camp overnight. Additionally, some may offer one or all of the following -

• fresh water
• electric hook-up
• grey waste disposal
• chemical toilet disposal point
• shower facilities

Much of the signage and instruction labelling at aires are done by pictures to make it more easily understood by non-French speakers. However, an English-French dictionary may come in handy for some translations.

Costs

Some of the aires are effectively free camping as they only charge if you wish to use the facilities.

Where their use attracts a fee this can usually be paid on site and most commonly by automated coin machines (costs vary considerably). In some cases you must purchase a ticket prior to parking up and camping which is usually obtained at local town council offices or tourist information centres.

Aire locations and how to find them

The location of aires is also highly variable. For example, some are spaced along auto-routes, some are on farms and some are a set aside area which is actually part of a designated camp ground. You may be staring at concrete or you may find yourself in the most stunningly beautiful locations – by a lake or riverside, surrounded by majestic mountain scenery or looking out at the ocean.

Some of the real gems are well tucked away and, although it is possible to come across aires as you go, you will often miss the best without something to help you. Many of the road maps of France have larger aires marked on them, particularly the auto-route ones but for comprehensive listings buy one of the many aire guide books which include maps and details of each and every aire’s facilities and costs. One of the best of these is ‘Aires de Services – Camping Cars’ by Martine Duparc and Collectif. Most of the aire guides also have a useful section on French words that you may come across at aires to help you follow any instructions for paying or using the facilities.

A word of warning on auto-route aires…..you may feel safer surrounded by other camper-vans and motorhomes but the crime rate at these sites is alarmingly high. You are highly visible and an easy target and statistics show that opportunistic thefts occur much more commonly in these circumstances. Many motorhomers have returned to their vans after using restaurants and shops to find them broken into and even more alarmingly break-ins do occur while the occupants sleep.

Other Camping Areas

Many French towns provide a set aside area for motorhomers to park up and camp overnight, often for free and with a rather different mentality towards this than you may be used to in the UK. The thinking is simple – get the tourists into town and they will spend money even if it just breakfast at the bakery and of course it works.

Wild Camping

Although this is somewhat of a grey area with regard to French law, there are many who wild camp (a term for camping away from official areas, also called freedom camping) and typically speaking there is a high tolerance to this practice. However, as with wild camping anywhere there are a few unwritten rules that should be observed which could all come under the umbrella of ‘respect’.

• Don’t park up on private property or where another’s privacy is likely to be invaded
• Take all your rubbish with you
• Don’t light fires or otherwise damage and disturb the area you are camped in
• Be sensitive to any environmental issues such as protected flora and fauna
• Keep noise to a minimum
• Observe any signage which expressly forbids overnight camping or gives directions on doing so

Perhaps most importantly of all you might need to question whether in a country that bends over backwards to provide a vast network of cheap (and often free) safe camping options, wild camping is appropriate at all. The decision is yours.

Road systems

These can feel like a breath of fresh air to the average Brit inured to traffic jams and poorly maintained roads. France has a highly efficient and superior quality road network which makes getting from A to B easy and quick.

The express routes or auto-routes will typically attract tolls unless they are near large towns or cities and if you plan to cover a lot of miles these fees can considerably add to your holiday costs. On the other hand they are super-fast and super-clear if not especially inspiring scenically.

There is always a free alternative to the fee paying roads and bizarrely these sometimes run completely parallel to the auto-routes for large sections of the journey. Generally speaking they are prettier routes and although they will usually take longer they are still by no means slow or heavily crowded.

Things can get a little chaotic around cities and trying to find the right road isn’t always simple especially if your French is a little rusty. This is where a Sat-Nav would come in especially useful to avoid taking your large unit into inappropriately small or tricky places.

Ferry Crossings

Depending on which company you sail with, your desired crossing route, the size of your motorhome and the times and dates you wish to sail, prices vary considerably. Paying for the ferry can be the most expensive part of your holiday by far. However, many caravan or camping clubs offer significant discounts and savings to members when making bookings through them. Additionally, some insurance companies also offer the same to their customers so do check with both before making any bookings to see if you can save money.

Some mistakes can just result in a mess inside your caravan or ruined items, some could damage the caravan itself and yet others could see you unwittingly infringing legal requirements. In any of these scenarios your vision of a carefree week or so could fade quite quickly. The following should help you stay clean, safe and within the law.

Legal requirements

• Towing weight – Be sure that the vehicle you will be using to tow your caravan is legally allowed to do so. The car’s handbook or Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) plate will give you these figures. As a rough guide it is typically around 80-85% of the towing vehicle’s weight without passengers or luggage, known as the kerb-weight or unladen weight.

• Driving licence validity – If you passed your normal driving test after 1.1.97 certain restrictions apply to towing vehicles without a specific driving test. This page on the Directgov website explains in further detail.

• Width limits – There are width limits in place for any towing vehicle. They can also be found on the Directgov website here.

• Towing mirrors – If your car is narrower than the width of your caravan it is a legal requirement that you fit towing mirrors so that you have a proper rear view.

• Brakes – Your caravan must have brakes fitted and in full working order. If you can move your caravan easily with your car once the brake is applied then the brakes are not working properly.

• Tow bar safety standards – if you are towing then you will obviously have a tow bar fitted but this must be an approved type which suits the car it is being fitted to and meets EU regulations. A tow bar of this type will have an approval number on it along with the vehicle’s details it is fitted to.

Full details regarding all legal requirements, along with extensive advice for those looking to tow a trailer or caravan, can be found via this link on the Directgov website.

Other checks

Some of the entries here apply to last minute checks which can only be done just before you leave home or a caravan site. Others will need to be done well in advance of leaving home to allow time to rectify any problems.

• Tyres – Caravan tyres often degrade somewhat faster than normal vehicle tyres due to the fact that the caravan may remain in one spot for extended periods. This means tyres may degrade through continuous sun exposure (consider tyre guards) or lose their shape from pressure over one spot. Consider ‘winter wheels’ to avoid this. They take the place of the caravan’s wheels and are also a great security measure.

• Even loading – It is essential to load your caravan correctly in order to keep you safe and stable on the road. Additionally, if the recommended nose weight of your caravan is exceeded you may find your insurance company refuse to pay out on any claim. A good rule of thumb is to put any heavier articles as low down as possible in your caravan and over the axle. Or, even better, put them in the car instead. Avoid weight in overhead lockers or at the caravan’s rear – both add significantly to a caravan’s instability on the road.

• Hitch mechanism – Ensure it works smoothly and correctly and has no signs of damage or degradation.

• Windows and roof lights – Check these are all closed and secure and the caravan door is locked.

• Turn off your gas bottle – For obvious reasons!

• Lights – Check these are all in full working order once your caravan is hitched to your car.

• Steadies – Ensure all steadies and stabilisers are raised and secure, including the jockey wheel which will have to be removed or raised depending on your fitting.

• Interior doors and cupboards – Check all dividing doors and cupboard/locker doors are closed. The fridge door is often forgotten but is often the heaviest, the most likely to cause problems and make the biggest mess.

• Mains cable – Disconnect and store.

• Release the handbrake - Or you won’t be going anywhere fast!

• Padding – You may wish to place bubble wrap or tea towels around and between any fragile items such as crockery and the glass stove top.

Although last minute checks are both sensible and practical, by regularly servicing your caravan you can be sure that all major problems will be rectified long before you head off into the sunset. You will need to arrange separate servicing for the mechanical parts of your caravan (such as brakes, lights, tyres, tow hitch etc) to be road safe and also for habitation checks which concentrate on gas, electrics and individual appliances.

Previously caravans measuring more than 2.3m wide had to be towed by a car with a gross weight of over 3500 kg. VAT did not have to paid on any caravan over 2.3m wide. After the 20^th April the standard VAT rate of 17.5% will be resumed on any caravan up to 2.55m wide.

The changes have come about after a challenge from the European commission. The aim of the changes is to bring the U.K. into harmony with regulations across Europe. The changes have been made in the form of amendments to the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations of 1986.

What this means for caravanners is that if they purchase a caravan between 2.3 and 2.55m wide in the next seven days VAT will not be payable. This represents a significant saving. However it will not be road legal until the 20^th April if it is to be towed by a regular car.

Reactions from the caravan community have been general positive. A number of commentators have highlighted the benefit of having an increased range of road legal caravans for users with regular cars. Many people have already benefited from what is effectively a VAT suspension on larger caravans which are due to become legal next week.

U.K. tourism will also potentially increase thanks to this legislative change. Many European caravanners have vehicles that can, at the moment, not be driven legally in the U.K., but from April the 20^th they will be able to bring their caravans to the U.K. for holidays, hopefully having a positive impact on the tourism industry.

Preparing Your Vehicle for Winter

• Get your car serviced so that it is in the best condition to deal with the adverse conditions.

• Check and, if necessary, replace the anti freeze in the radiator.

• Consider getting winter tyres put on your vehicles if you live in a remote or badly affected area. Always ensure that your tyres have at least 3mm of tread depth and that they are properly inflated according to the manufacturers instructions.

• Check that your windscreen wiper blades are working well, replace them if they are not, this will help to ensure that you have the maximum visibility at all times.

Driving in Winter Conditions

If conditions are bad it is best to not drive. Always check weather reports before making a long trip. Use route planners and local radio traffic updates to get the latest information on the roads that you wish to travel.

Flooding & Strong Winds

The risk of flooding in certain areas is high this year. The Met office have issued severe weather warnings for much of the country, it is never advisable to drive in flooded conditions but if you have to then you should follow these basic guidelines:

1. Avoid driving through surface water; your engine may flood, or you may aquaplane which could cause you to loose control of your vehicle.

2. The deepest water is likely to be nearest the curb, if possible drive near to the centre of the road.

3. If you have to drive through surface water, stay in first gear and continually move to avoid stalling.

4. Always test your breaks immediately after driving through water, if they work fine then you can increase your speed.

5. High winds will particularly affect highsided vehicles including caravans and motor homes, slow down and remember to be extra cautious when approaching open areas such as bridges.

Snow and Ice

1. Decrease speed

2. Stopping distances are increased so leave a large amount of distance between yourself and the car in front.  Take more time to slow down to navigate corners and bends in the road.

3. Do not break hard. Breaking gently will help to minimise skidding, if the wheels lock when braking, ease off the brake.

4. Have your lights on all of the time

5. Keep your windscreen, lights, windows and mirrors clean for maximum visability.

Winter Supplies for Your Vehicle

Prepare yourself for difficult conditions by having these essentials in your vehicle at all times and especially if you are taking a long journey.

• First Aid Kit

• Blankets and warm clothing

• Non perishable and high energy food eg nuts, dried fruit and sweets

• Water

• De-icer and ice scraper

• Maps of the area

• Torch and spare batteries

• Mobile phone

• Spare tyre, wheel wrench and jack

• Shovel, if snow is expected

• Towing ropes

• Tool Kit

• Jump leads

If you are well equipped you will find that you are able to deal with most situations easily and safely. The most important thing to remember is to be cautious and vigilant.  This is especially necessary if you are towing a caravan as it will be far more challenging to drive safely in difficult conditions, make sure that you plan your journey very well and take plenty of provisions.

Static Caravans

Static caravans are great if you have one place that you really love to go. They are normally fairly large and stay in one place all of the year. The main advantages of a static caravan are:

• Stays in one place at your favourite destination.

• You do not have to transport your caravan when you wish to go away.

• You do not need to organise storage when you are not using your caravan. (Although you may have to pay the park it is in for general security and upkeep).

• More suited to the installation of modern conveniences for example washing machines and double glazing. (This means buying a static caravan can be expensive).

Touring Caravans

Touring caravans are the most popular form of caravans. They allow for spontaneous holidays and if you do not like where you end up you can just move on. Here are a few general key facts about touring caravans.

• They must be attached to a towing vehicle for transportation. Heavier caravans must be transported by more powerful cars.

• Size varies enormously.

• Generally the seating area is transformed into the sleeping area at night.

• Touring caravans are likely to have a kitchen and washing area of varying description. Some may have a toilet and others will not.

• Touring caravans are popular because they offer the greatest amount of personal freedom.

Full/Standard Touring Caravans

This is the most recognisable style of caravan. They have solid sides and a solid roof. They are set up to be easy to connect to amenities and normally have a fairly high roof for comfort.

Pop-top / Pop-up Caravans

As the name suggest these kinds of caravan have roofs that can be raised up providing extra head room. Normally this flexible part is made of a strong vinyl to ensure water resistance. Pop-top caravans have some specific benefits. They make towing easier because they are less wind resistant. They use less fuel in transportation because they are less heavy that standard caravans and they will have good air circulation inside. The disadvantages are that you will have less storage space and they take a little more time to set up.

Compact Caravans

As the name suggests these caravans are small. Normally they have a solid metal shell. They do not have a large amount of room so do not expect luxury. The main attraction is that they will have beds inside (normally two). If you are looking for a more comfortable nights sleep than you could get in a tent then they are a good option.

Fifth Wheel Caravans

These caravans are not often seen in the U.K. however they are popular in America. A pick up truck or similar vehicle is needed to tow them. They are very large and contain many home comforts, they are quite literally a home away from home. But they use a significant amount of fuel to be transported and need a large specialised towing vehicle. Getting around some of the small country roads in the U.K. would not be possible with this kind of caravan.

A few things to consider before making a purchase

• How far and how frequently are you going to travel? Smaller caravans are easy to transport, but the living space is reduced, you will need to strike a balance between the two.

• Where are you going? Do you need a shower/toilet which will take up space and add weight or are you going to stay in caravan parks where they are likely to have these facilities?

• What weight can your towing vehicle tow? Do not forget to budget for a more powerful car if you want a large caravan.

• Fuel will cost more with a heavier caravan.

• How many beds do you really need?

• What appliances will make you comfortable? For example in the kitchen will a microwave be sufficient or do you want a grill and hob? If you will only go caravanning in the summer you may be able to BBQ outside instead.

• There are only a few caravans that are expressly listed as off road suitable. If you do want to go off road, fully check the manufacturers warranty to ensure that what you want to do will not invalidate it. Off road caravans will weigh more because they are re-enforced with a lot of extra metal. They are likely to come with more spare parts and will ideally have low energy appliances.

• Having lots of windows allows for a greater view of the scenery around and lets in lots of light.

• Interiors and layouts vary enormously so shop around for something that makes you happy. Remember it is not about how large the caravan is but how the space it used!

• Fit a stabiliser to help prevent swerving and snaking.

• When you begin your journey check that the brakes are in good working order.

• It is illegal to drive in the right hand lane of a motorway if you are towing a caravan unless you are directed by a police officer or lane restrictions are in place.

• Do not be tempted to drive too fast, drive according to your experience and the conditions on the day.  Never exceed the general maximum speed limits, in the U.K they are as follows, unless signs indicate otherwise:

30mph on roads with street lights

50mph on single carriageways

60mph on dual carriageways and motorways

• It is illegal to carry a person in a caravan whilst it is moving. Pets can legally be carried in the caravan whilst it is moving, but this is not advisable.

• Caravans can snake or swerve if they are incorrectly loaded, if you are travelling too fast or if you break or accelerate too hard. If this happens you need to gently decrease your speed and continue on in a straight line. Do not break or accelerate heavily as this is likely to exacerbate the problem.

• Be aware of and take into account the weather and the condition of the road and drive accordingly.

• Leave substantially more time for each manoeuvre, including driving around bends, than you would for driving only a car.

Specific Towing Issues

Reversing

1. It is a good idea to practice reversing a caravan somewhere safe, possibly offroad, if you are unfamiliar with the procedure. There are also a number of courses available which provide training if you feel that extra help would be beneficial.

2. Caravans have large blind spots so you should never begin to reverse without physically getting out and checking that there are no pedestrians or obstacles behind you.

3. Ideally have someone else stand in a safe position near the caravan and guide you whilst you are reversing.

4. When reversing your caravan it is important to be aware of irregularities on the road surface. For example potholes, cambers and slopes will make reversing a caravan in a straight line more challenging.

5. Reversing at a low speed and as smoothly as possible will help to ensure the safety of yourself and other road users.

Hills and Mountains

To ascend a hill whilst towing will take considerably more power than travel on flat surfaces. It is advisable to keep out of the way of other vehicles as much as is possible. Use lower gears and try to ensure that you progress at an even rate up the hill.

Starting upon any uphill slope should be considered a hill start, however slight the gradient. Make sure you have adequate power when you release the handbrake to prevent rolling backwards.

If you plan to caravan in the mountains it is advisable to check that your towing vehicle is adequately powerful to deal with continual slopes and potentially difficult terrain.

Weather

It is always worth checking weather forecasts before you travel. Rain reduces grip on the road, and increases braking distances. Winds are especially hazardous for caravans. If you are driving into a head wind you are likely to find the caravan more difficult to control. This is because the nose weight will be lessened, reducing stability. Driving into a headwind has much the same effect as driving fast; both can cause the caravan to snake and swerve. To avoid this lower your speed.

The other places to be especially wary of winds are on exposed bridges and open areas where you are likely to be able to feel the effects of cross winds. Also be aware that being close to large vehicles is likely to affect the aerodynamics of your caravan, as these vehicles create their own slip stream.

Relative Weights

Having the correct weight distribution is a legal requirement, so it is definitely a good idea to ensure that you have all of the weights worked out before you purchase any new equipment or a new vehicle.

1. Ensure the engine of the towing vehicle is large enough for the weight of the caravan.

2. Ensure that the brakes are powerful enough for the weight of the caravan.

3. Check that the gross weight of the trailer doesn’t exceed the towing weight. The recommended towing limit will be recorded in the manufacturers handbook and on the V.I.N. Plate on the chassis. It is recommended that the towed vehicle does not exceed 85% of the weight of the towing vehicle.

4. Check the nose weight is either 4% of trailer weight or at least 25kg, whichever is higher.

Loading Your Caravan

The way in which you load your caravan will affect the way that it drives. Wrongly loaded caravans are far more likely to swerve or snake and so will be much more difficult to control. Follow these loading guidelines to achieve the maximum amount of stability for your caravan.

• Always store heavy smaller items low down, ideally over the axles or just in front of them.

• Try and maintain even weight distribution. If you have heavy items to place in front of the axle balance them by placing an equally weighted item just behind the axle.

• Lighter, larger items should ideally be carried in the towing vehicle.

• Only place light items in the overhead lockers.

• Place heavy and medium weighted items towards the front of the vehicle.

• Safely secure all items in the caravan. Tying them down if necessary.

• Gas cannisters must be turned off at the cylinder when moving. Furthermore the channel tunnel and ferries have their own guidelines regarding gas transportation. Always check before you travel with each individual travel provider.

Checks To Perform Just Before You Travel

It is advisable to perform these checks every time that you are going to travel. They will help to ensure the safety of you and your vehicles whilst on the road.

1. Check all cables for wear and tear and ensure they are firmly secured to both the towing and the towed vehicles.

2. Check the tyre pressure is correct on both vehicles.

3. Ensure that all prop stands and corner steadies are completely wound up and secured in place.

4. Check the coupling height is correct. The trailer should be level with the towing vehicle.

5. Check you have adequate visibility from the drivers seat, add additional towing mirrors if necessary.

Licenses

The law states that if you have a driving license from before the 1^st of January 1997 you can drive any vehicle and trailer combination as long as the combined weight of the vehicles does not exceed 8250kg Maximum Authorised Mass (M.A.M.). And the towing vehicle’s weight must not exceed 7500kg.

If you have a full driving license from after 1^st January 1997 you may drive a car or lightweight commercial vehicle and tow a caravan but the combined weight must not exceed 4250kg. So the caravan’s weight must not be greater than 750kg, if the car weighs 3000kg. If you wish to tow a caravan above 750kg, you must follow the rule that the combined weight of the vehicle and caravan must not exceed 3500kg. In order to do this the caravan must not have a greater M.A.M. than the unladen weight of the vehicle towing.

Inexperienced drivers are recommended to tow a caravan with no greater than 85% of the weight of the vehicle towing. This will make more difficult manoeuvers, such as hill starts, easier.

It is illegal to tow any vehicle with only a provisional license.

If you passed your test after the 1^st January 1997 and wish to tow a greater weight, you need to take a B+E driving test. See the Driving Standards Agency or Driving Instructors Association websites for more information about how to take this test. It is worth noting that the tests will probably be held at a designated truck and bus testing centre.

Establishing The Weight of the Towing Vehicle

There are two different directives on how to establish the weight of your towing vehicle:

• According to the UK Construction and Use Regulations 1986, curb weight is the “weight of the vehicle as it leaves the manufacturer with full fuel, adequate lubricants and water, standard tools and equipment but no driver, occupants or load”.

• According to the E.U. Directive 95/48 it is, “the weight of the vehicle as it leaves the manufacturer, with fuel tank 90% full, necessary fluids for normal operation, a nominal driver weight of 68kg and 7kg of luggage.”

In reality this means that E.U. curb weights are around 70kg more than by the U.K. rule. Most new cars now use the E.U. definition, but the U.K. standard will provide you with a safer ratio.

It is always advisable to determine the curb weight by consulting the manufacturer, in store sales advisers will not always be up-to-date with towing laws and may not give you correct information. Any infringement of the law could cause an accident, invalidate your insurance or see you taken to court. None of which are desirable outcomes so it is best to be crystal clear before you make your first trip.

Accordingly it is important to keep up-to-date with new developments in this law. Currently amendments to the laws are being considered in order to clarify these laws that many find confusing. Although this should not change current allowances for drivers who already hold their full license, it is possible that there will be adjustments.

]]> http://www.c4caravans.com/blog/what-weight-of-caravan-can-i-tow.php/feed 5